Malinga ndi ziwerengero za bungwe la United Nations, chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi azaka 65 ndi kupitirira apo chidzakhala 760 miliyoni mu 2021, ndipo chiwerengerochi chidzakwera kufika pa 1.6 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2050. Ntchito yosamalira okalamba ndi yolemetsa ndipo pakufunika antchito osamalira okalamba ambiri.
Deta yofunikira ikuwonetsa kuti ku China kuli okalamba pafupifupi 44 miliyoni olumala ndi olumala pang'ono. Malinga ndi muyezo wapadziko lonse wa 3:1 pakati pa okalamba olumala ndi osamalira, osamalira osachepera 14 miliyoni akufunika. Komabe, pakadali pano, chiwerengero chonse cha ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana osamalira okalamba ndi ochepera 0.5 miliyoni, ndipo chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito ovomerezeka ndi ochepera 20,000. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ogwira ntchito osamalira okalamba olumala ndi olumala pang'ono okha. Komabe, zaka za ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe osamalira okalamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zapamwamba. Ogwira ntchito azaka zapakati pa 45 ndi 65 ndi gulu lalikulu la ogwira ntchito osamalira okalamba. Pali mavuto monga maphunziro ochepa komanso luso lochepa pantchito. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha mavuto monga kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito, malipiro ochepa, komanso malo ochepa okwezedwa pantchito, makampani osamalira okalamba sakukopa achinyamata, ndipo vuto la "kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito osamalira okalamba" lakhala lodziwika bwino.
Zoona zake n'zakuti, ambiri omwe amamaliza maphunziro awo ku koleji ndi akatswiri a unamwino saganizira za ntchito zokhudzana ndi chisamaliro cha okalamba akamasankha ntchito, kapena amagwira ntchito ndi malingaliro akuti "ntchito yakanthawi" kapena "ntchito yosakhalitsa". "Adzasintha ntchito" akangopezeka ntchito zina zoyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anamwino ndi ogwira ntchito ena aziyenda movutikira, komanso magulu a akatswiri osakhazikika kwambiri. Pokumana ndi vuto lochititsa manyazi lakuti achinyamata sakufuna kugwira ntchito ndipo pali "malo osowa" ambiri m'nyumba zosungira okalamba, madipatimenti aboma sayenera kungowonjezera kufalitsa ndi maphunziro, komanso kuyambitsa mfundo zingapo zowalimbikitsa ndikuwatsogolera, kuti asinthe malingaliro achikhalidwe a achinyamata posankha ntchito; nthawi yomweyo, ayenera mwa kukonza mkhalidwe wa anthu ogwira ntchito zosamalira okalamba ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono malipiro ndi maubwino, kodi tingakope achinyamata ndi aluso apamwamba kuti alowe nawo m'magulu osamalira okalamba ndi mafakitale ena ofanana nawo?
Kumbali inayi, njira yophunzitsira ntchito zaukadaulo kwa ogwira ntchito zosamalira okalamba iyenera kukhazikitsidwa mwachangu momwe zingathere pamlingo wadziko lonse, kupanga mapulani apakati ndi aatali omanga gulu la akatswiri aluso la ntchito zosamalira okalamba kuyenera kufulumizitsidwa, ndipo makoleji ndi mayunivesite ndi masukulu apamwamba aukadaulo ayenera kuthandizidwa kuti awonjezere maphunziro apamwamba ndi maphunziro okhudzana ndi ntchito zosamalira okalamba ndi kasamalidwe. Pangani mwamphamvu maluso apamwamba mu ntchito zosamalira okalamba ndi mafakitale ena ofanana. Kuphatikiza apo, pangani malo abwino ochezera anthu kuti apange zatsopano komanso amalonda m'munda wa chisamaliro cha okalamba, onjezerani zamakono zida ndi malo osamalira okalamba, ndikusintha njira yachikhalidwe yodalira kwathunthu chisamaliro chamanja.
Mwachidule, makampani osamalira okalamba ayenera kutsatira nthawi, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ukadaulo wamakono, zida ndi malo ogwirira ntchito, ndikupangitsa chisamaliro cha okalamba kukhala ntchito yabwino yokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zaukadaulo komanso ndalama zambiri. Pamene chisamaliro cha okalamba sichikufanananso ndi "ntchito yonyansa" ndipo ndalama zake ndi maubwino ake zili bwino kuposa ntchito zina, achinyamata ambiri adzakopeka kuti agwire ntchito yosamalira okalamba, ndipo vuto la "kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito osamalira ana" lidzatha mwachibadwa.
Chifukwa cha kukwera ndi kukhwima kwa ukadaulo wanzeru zopanga, kuthekera kwakukulu kwa msika kwapangitsa kuti maloboti osamalira ana azikula kwambiri pankhani ya thanzi la okalamba. Pofuna kuthetsa bwino zosowa za chisamaliro chadzidzidzi cha okalamba olumala pogwiritsa ntchito zida zanzeru, gwiritsani ntchito ukadaulo kuti mumasulire anthu ogwira ntchito ndikuchepetsa mavuto olemera a unamwino.
Kwa okalamba olumala omwe amakhala pabedi chaka chonse, kuchita chimbudzi nthawi zonse kwakhala vuto lalikulu.Vuto lalikulu. Kukonza ndi manja nthawi zambiri kumafuna njira monga kutsegula chimbudzi, kuyambitsa chimbudzi, kutembenuza, kukonza, ndi kuyeretsa, zomwe zimatenga nthawi yoposa theka la ola. Komanso, kwa okalamba ena omwe ali ndi chidziwitso komanso olumala, chinsinsi chawo sichilemekezedwa. Monga kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi kapangidwe kake, loboti yanzeru yosamalira ana imatha kumva mkodzo ndi ndowe zokha - kuyamwa mpweya woipa - kuyeretsa madzi ofunda - kuumitsa mpweya wofunda. Njira yonseyi siikhudzana ndi dothi, zomwe zimapangitsa chisamaliro kukhala choyera komanso chosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ya unamwino ikhale yothandiza komanso kusunga ulemu wa okalamba.
Anthu okalamba omwe amakhala pabedi kwa nthawi yayitali angagwiritsenso ntchito maloboti anzeru oyenda kuti asinthe kuchoka pakukhala kupita pakukhala. Akhoza kuimirira nthawi iliyonse ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi popanda thandizo la ena kuti adziteteze ndikuchepetsa kapena kupewa kufooka kwa minofu, zilonda za pabedi, ndi zilonda za pabedi zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kukhala pabedi kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito amthupi komanso mwayi woti munthu adwale matenda ena a pakhungu, kusintha moyo wake,
Kuphatikiza apo, palinso zinthu zingapo zothandiza anamwino monga makina osambira onyamulika kuti athetse mavuto osambira a okalamba omwe ali pabedi, ma lift ambiri othandiza okalamba kulowa ndi kutuluka pabedi, ndi ma alarm anzeru kuti apewe zilonda za pabedi ndi zilonda zapakhungu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kugona kwa nthawi yayitali pabedi. Okalamba omwe ali pabedi, chepetsani nkhawa za chisamaliro cha okalamba!
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-29-2024
