23 Machi, 2021 Chitukuko cha Zachuma
Bungwe la World Intellectual Property Organization latulutsa lipoti latsopano lero, ponena kuti m'zaka zaposachedwapa, luso la "ukadaulo wothandizira" lothandiza kuthana ndi zochita za anthu, masomphenya, ndi zopinga zina ndi zovuta zawonetsa "kukula kwa manambala awiri", ndipo kuphatikiza kwake ndi zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kwakhala kofanana kwambiri.
Marco El Alamein, Wachiwiri kwa Director General wa Intellectual Property and Innovation Ecosystem, anati, "Pakadali pano, pali anthu oposa 1 biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi omwe akufunika kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wothandizira. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu okalamba, chiwerengerochi chidzawirikiza kawiri m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi."
Lipotilo lotchedwa "WIPO 2021 Technology Trend Report: Assistive Technology" linati kuyambira pakusintha kosalekeza kwa zinthu zomwe zilipo mpaka kafukufuku wamakono ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo, kupanga zinthu zatsopano m'munda wa "Assistive technology" kungathandize kwambiri miyoyo ya anthu olumala ndikuwathandiza kuchita zinthu, kulankhulana komanso kugwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe ndi zamagetsi a Consumer kumathandiza kuti ukadaulo uwu upitirire kugulitsidwa.
Lipotilo likuwonetsa kuti pakati pa ma patent omwe adaperekedwa mu theka loyamba la 1998-2020, pali ma patent oposa 130000 okhudzana ndi ukadaulo wothandiza, kuphatikiza mipando ya olumala yomwe ingasinthidwe malinga ndi malo osiyanasiyana, ma alarm oteteza chilengedwe, ndi zida zothandizira za Braille. Pakati pawo, chiwerengero cha ma patent omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito paukadaulo watsopano wothandiza chinafika 15592, kuphatikiza maloboti othandizira, ma alamu anzeru kunyumba, zida zovalidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuwona, ndi Magalasi Anzeru. Chiwerengero chapakati cha ma patent pachaka chinawonjezeka ndi 17% pakati pa 2013 ndi 2017.
Malinga ndi lipotilo, ukadaulo wa zachilengedwe ndi ntchito zake ndi madera awiri omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zatsopano muukadaulo watsopano wothandizira. Kukula kwapakati pachaka kwa ma patent ndi 42% ndi 24% motsatana. Ukadaulo watsopano wa zachilengedwe umaphatikizapo zothandizira kuyenda ndi maloboti othandizira m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, pomwe luso la mafoni limaphatikizapo mipando yodziyimira payokha, zothandizira kulinganiza, ndodo zanzeru, "ma prosthetics a neural" opangidwa ndi ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D, Ndi "Exoskeleton Yovala" yomwe ingawongolere mphamvu ndi kuyenda.
Kuyanjana kwa anthu ndi makompyuta
Bungwe loona za ufulu wa katundu linanena kuti pofika chaka cha 2030, ukadaulo wolumikizana pakati pa anthu ndi makompyuta udzapita patsogolo kwambiri, zomwe zingathandize anthu kuwongolera bwino zida zamagetsi zovuta monga makompyuta ndi mafoni a m'manja. Nthawi yomweyo, ukadaulo wowongolera zachilengedwe ndi wothandizira kumva womwe umayang'aniridwa ndi ubongo wa munthu nawonso wapanga zinthu zazikulu m'zaka zaposachedwa, kupereka chithandizo chochulukirapo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kumva, pakati pawo Cochlear implant yapamwamba kwambiri imakhala pafupifupi theka la chiwerengero cha ma patent omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mundawu.
Malinga ndi WIPO, ukadaulo womwe ukukula mofulumira kwambiri pankhani yokhudza kumva ndi "zipangizo zoyendetsera mafupa zomwe sizimavulaza", zomwe ntchito zake zapachaka za patent zidawonjezeka ndi 31%, ndipo kuphatikiza kwake ndi zida zamagetsi wamba ndi ukadaulo wazachipatala kukukulirakuliranso.
Irene Kitsara, Woyang'anira Chidziwitso cha Dipatimenti ya Intellectual Property and Innovation Ecosystem ya Intellectual Property Organization, anati, "Tsopano tikutha kuona kuti zida zothandizira kumva zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamutu zomwe zavomerezedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration zimagulitsidwa mwachindunji m'masitolo ambiri, ndipo zimaonedwa ngati chinthu chamagetsi chomwe chingapindulitse anthu opanda vuto la kumva, Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wa "Bone conduction" ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pamahedifoni opangidwa mwapadera kwa othamanga.
Kusintha kwanzeru
Mabungwe omenyera ufulu wa katundu anena kuti mafunde ofanana ndi a "nzeru" azinthu zachikhalidwe apitiliza kupita patsogolo, monga "matewera anzeru" ndi maloboti othandizira kuyamwitsa ana, zomwe ndi zinthu ziwiri zatsopano zomwe zimayambira pa nkhani yosamalira ana.
Kisala anati, "Ukadaulo womwewo ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa chisamaliro chaumoyo cha digito kuti uthandize kukonza thanzi la anthu. M'tsogolomu, zinthu zofanana zidzapitirira kuonekera, ndipo mpikisano wamsika udzakhala waukulu kwambiri. Zinthu zina zodula kwambiri zomwe zaonedwa kuti ndi zofunika kwambiri mpaka pano zidzayambanso kutsika mtengo.
Kusanthula deta ya pempho la patent ndi WIPO kukuwonetsa kuti China, United States, Germany, Japan, ndi South Korea ndi magwero asanu akuluakulu a luso lothandizira, ndipo chiwerengero cha mapulogalamu ochokera ku China ndi South Korea chawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, zomwe zayamba kugwedeza udindo wa nthawi yayitali wa United States ndi Japan pankhaniyi.
Malinga ndi WIPO, pakati pa ma patent omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ukadaulo watsopano wa Assistive, mayunivesite, ndi mabungwe ofufuza anthu onse ndi omwe amadziwika kwambiri, omwe amawerengera 23% ya omwe amafunsira, pomwe opanga zinthu odziyimira pawokha ndiwo omwe amafunsira kwambiri ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wa Assistive, womwe umawerengera pafupifupi 40% ya onse omwe amafunsira, ndipo oposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu ali ku China.
WIPO inati chuma cha nzeru chalimbikitsa kukula kwa luso la ukadaulo wothandizira. Pakadali pano, gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi okha a anthu padziko lonse lapansi akadali ndi mwayi wopeza zinthu zothandizira zofunika. Anthu apadziko lonse lapansi ayenera kupitiriza kulimbikitsa luso lapadziko lonse la ukadaulo wothandizira motsatira dongosolo la United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the WHO ndikulimbikitsa kufalikira kwa ukadaulo uwu kuti upindule anthu ambiri.
Zokhudza Bungwe la Padziko Lonse la Katundu Wanzeru
Bungwe la World Intellectual Property Organization, lomwe lili ndi likulu lake ku Geneva, ndi malo akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi olimbikitsira mfundo za chuma cha nzeru, ntchito, chidziwitso, ndi mgwirizano. Monga bungwe lapadera la United Nations, WIPO imathandiza mayiko 193 omwe ali mamembala ake popanga dongosolo la malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi okhudza chuma cha nzeru lomwe limayenderana bwino ndi zofuna za onse omwe akukhudzidwa ndikukwaniritsa zosowa za chitukuko cha anthu nthawi zonse. Bungweli limapereka ntchito zamabizinesi zokhudzana ndi kupeza ufulu wa chuma cha nzeru komanso kuthetsa mikangano m'maiko ambiri, komanso mapulogalamu olimbikitsa luso kuti athandize mayiko omwe akutukuka kupindula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chuma cha nzeru. Kuphatikiza apo, limaperekanso mwayi wopeza malo osungiramo zidziwitso za chuma cha nzeru.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-11-2023
